An Annotated Bibliography on Petroleum Pollution
نویسنده
چکیده
Petroleum has been recognized as a potential environmental contaminant since shortly after the beginning of the Twentieth Century. Reports of the biological consequences of ship wrecks involving cargos of crude and fuel oil began to appear in the popular and scientific press. Scientific literature on the subject was sparse until after World War II when reports of the effects of oil pollution began to appear with greater frequency. The wreck of the Torrey Canyon off the coast of England in 1967 stimulated worldwide interest in the effects of petroleum and cleanup methods on environmental resources. Research on the environmental effects of petroleum peaked during the 1970s and early 1980s. A recent surge of interest in North America was induced by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The accumulated literature on this well-studied contaminant is vast, covering topics as diverse as analytical chemistry, chemical fate, oil spill prevention and response, mitigation and restoration, economic and social analysis, and biological effects on all forms of plant and animal life in saltwater, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. A small amount of literature on shale oil, synthetic (coal) oil, oil sands crude oil, and non-petroleum oils (animal and plant) are also included in this bibliography.
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